EUROPE (By Rafael Ramirez, former Venezuelan oil minister and former PDVSA president, 2.Mar.2026, Words: 1,400) — The reform by Venezuela’s National Assembly “violates [Venezuela’s] sovereignty and contravenes Articles 12, 302, 303, and 151 of the still-current Constitution,” writes former energy minister Rafael Ramirez.
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“The reform by Venezuela’s National Assembly makes it clear that this is not a mere reform, but rather the repeal of the Organic Law of Hydrocarbons, the distortion of the ownership of oil as a public domain asset, and therefore, the privatization of primary oil production activities, as well as its commercialization, both reserved to the Venezuelan State.
